近(jin)年來，工程項目(mu)的(de)(de)數量(liang)不斷(duan)增加，建設(she)規(gui)模也(ye)不斷(duan)擴大，為了(le)保證建設(she)收益(yi)，工程項目(mu)的(de)(de)成本(ben)控制(zhi)變得(de)愈加重要(yao)。通過工程建設(she)項目(mu)的(de)(de)成本(ben)控制(zhi)，能夠很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)將工程項目(mu)的(de)(de)建設(she)成本(ben)控制(zhi)在合理的(de)(de)范圍之內，最大限度的(de)(de)保證企業的(de)(de)經濟效益(yi)，對(dui)工程建設(she)行(xing)業的(de)(de)發展(zhan)也(ye)有(you)很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)幫(bang)助和促(cu)進作用。本(ben)文(wen)將會就工程項目(mu)建設(she)的(de)(de)造價管(guan)理問題進行(xing)具體的(de)(de)分析論述(shu)(shu)，希望(wang)本(ben)文(wen)的(de)(de)論述(shu)(shu)能夠給相關領域(yu)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)有(you)一定的(de)(de)幫(bang)助和參(can)考。

【關鍵詞(ci)】工程項目(mu);工程造價;問(wen)題;管理;措施;成本

建(jian)筑項目的工期相對(dui)較長、規模大、資金消耗多，以上特(te)征對(dui)造(zao)價(jia)管(guan)理(li)(li)工作提出較高的要求。管(guan)理(li)(li)者應(ying)掌握項目的管(guan)理(li)(li)重(zhong)點(dian)，從各個管(guan)理(li)(li)流程逐一進行，實(shi)施(shi)管(guan)理(li)(li)措(cuo)施(shi)，科學控制造(zao)價(jia)，保證項目的順利(li)建(jian)設。

1、建(jian)筑項(xiang)目造價(jia)管理(li)方(fang)法

建筑項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)施(shi)工周期長，存在(zai)(zai)多種不確定因素，可能對(dui)(dui)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)產生不利影(ying)響(xiang)，導致項(xiang)目(mu)成本(ben)消(xiao)耗(hao)過(guo)(guo)高。造(zao)價(jia)(jia)管(guan)(guan)理(li)能夠保證工程(cheng)(cheng)質量，從項(xiang)目(mu)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)各(ge)個流程(cheng)(cheng)入手，不斷(duan)優(you)化(hua)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)管(guan)(guan)理(li)措(cuo)施(shi)，保證造(zao)價(jia)(jia)處(chu)于合(he)理(li)范圍(wei)，獲(huo)取較高的(de)效益。實(shi)(shi)際上造(zao)價(jia)(jia)管(guan)(guan)理(li)為動(dong)態(tai)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，在(zai)(zai)工程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)的(de)整(zheng)個階段都涉及到此項(xiang)工作。為保證管(guan)(guan)理(li)效果，應構建完(wan)善的(de)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體系，確保對(dui)(dui)全程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)(jia)展開動(dong)態(tai)監控(kong)。具(ju)體管(guan)(guan)理(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，相關人員(yuan)可使用(yong)限額設(she)計(ji)，不斷(duan)優(you)化(hua)設(she)計(ji)方案;使用(yong)概算、估算等(deng)計(ji)算方式，計(ji)算出施(shi)工成本(ben)，進而對(dui)(dui)其進行合(he)理(li)約束;產生變更時，及時調整(zheng)預(yu)算目(mu)標;分別從技(ji)術(shu)、合(he)同等(deng)方面控(kong)制(zhi)項(xiang)目(mu)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)整(zheng)個過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。

2、工程項(xiang)目造(zao)價管理存在(zai)的主要問題(ti)

2.1工程項(xiang)目建設環(huan)節的協調問題

工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都需(xu)要進行造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)控(kong)制(zhi)和實際(ji)管(guan)理(li)，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每一個環(huan)節(jie)和階段都離不(bu)開工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)。但是(shi)就(jiu)目(mu)(mu)(mu)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)情況來看，我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)與建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)環(huan)節(jie)之(zhi)間并不(bu)協調，存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)很多不(bu)協調的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)，導致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)與項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)節(jie)之(zhi)間存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)脫節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，無(wu)法(fa)保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效性，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)很難控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)內。在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滯后性，導致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)管(guan)理(li)控(kong)制(zhi)與無(wu)法(fa)滿足實際(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)管(guan)理(li)要求(qiu)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)最終超出預期。另(ling)外(wai)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，還存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)各個建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)環(huan)節(jie)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通也存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，不(bu)同建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，缺乏(fa)及(ji)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通了解(jie)，導致(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中出現沖突(tu)(tu)，影響工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利開展，不(bu)僅無(wu)法(fa)保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)實現，反(fan)而(er)因(yin)為管(guan)理(li)沖突(tu)(tu)影響工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順(shun)利建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，導致(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)增加。

2.2施工建設與管理(li)人員(yuan)的素質問(wen)題

工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量和規模不(bu)斷擴大，為了保(bao)證工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)順利建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)隊伍(wu)不(bu)得不(bu)進行人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)擴編，因為工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)施工(gong)隊伍(wu)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)體系還(huan)不(bu)完(wan)善，導致(zhi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)以(yi)及工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)隊伍(wu)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員素(su)質(zhi)偏低(di)，直接(jie)影(ying)響著工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)成(cheng)本管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)實(shi)(shi)現。工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)能力不(bu)夠(gou)，會直接(jie)影(ying)響到(dao)(dao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)成(cheng)本控(kong)制，加上工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)專業能力不(bu)夠(gou)，導致(zhi)很(hen)多工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)最終成(cheng)為一種形式。雖然近年來一直在(zai)倡(chang)導工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)素(su)質(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，并且成(cheng)立(li)了專門的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人(ren)員培訓(xun)機構，但是這些工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)才數(shu)量供(gong)應還(huan)無法滿足現實(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際需要，隊伍(wu)的(de)(de)(de)整體素(su)質(zhi)并沒有得到(dao)(dao)很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)改善，導致(zhi)在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中依舊很(hen)難保(bao)證對施工(gong)預算的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)控(kong)制。

2.3對工程項目成本(ben)控制的認識問題

目(mu)(mu)前，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)控制(zhi)(zhi)方面(mian)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)負責(ze)人(ren)在成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)控制(zhi)(zhi)和管理方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識(shi)存在不(bu)足，只重視工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量實現，完全忽視工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造(zao)價控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，給工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)控制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)了很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)困難，導(dao)致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)嚴重超出(chu)實際預算，給建(jian)(jian)設企業造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)了巨大的(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)損失(shi)。因為對成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識(shi)不(bu)足，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設過程中，材料浪(lang)(lang)費的(de)(de)(de)現象十(shi)分(fen)普遍，而且建(jian)(jian)設施工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)數遠(yuan)遠(yuan)超出(chu)實際需要，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)(de)浪(lang)(lang)費現象也(ye)十(shi)分(fen)嚴重，導(dao)致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)價管理形式化(hua)，無法保證(zheng)將(jiang)建(jian)(jian)設成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)控制(zhi)(zhi)在合理的(de)(de)(de)范圍內，不(bu)利于工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)效益實現。

3、建(jian)筑工程項目造(zao)價管理(li)主要措施

3.1關(guan)注設(she)計造價管理

項(xiang)(xiang)目設(she)計(ji)階段的(de)造價管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)容(rong)易忽略的(de)部分。研究表明(ming)，建筑工程設(she)計(ji)成(cheng)本為總體(ti)成(cheng)本的(de)1%，雖(sui)然(ran)占據比例(li)較小，但是(shi)其(qi)產生的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)程度(du)(du)可高(gao)達項(xiang)(xiang)目總體(ti)成(cheng)本的(de)75%左右。通過以(yi)上數據可以(yi)看出(chu)，關注設(she)計(ji)階段的(de)造價管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)非常重要(yao)。此(ci)階段的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)重點為項(xiang)(xiang)目投資(zi)，以(yi)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)設(she)計(ji)，對項(xiang)(xiang)目成(cheng)本進行控制(zhi)，防止施工階段出(chu)現不合(he)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)問題(ti)，延誤工期，增加管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)費(fei)用、施工費(fei)用等(deng)。嚴重時(shi)還會出(chu)現返工，影(ying)響(xiang)項(xiang)(xiang)目質量(liang)和造價。項(xiang)(xiang)目設(she)計(ji)者應(ying)具備高(gao)度(du)(du)的(de)造價意(yi)識，保證建筑項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)設(she)計(ji)符合(he)國家規范要(yao)求的(de)前提下，合(he)理(li)(li)(li)選擇先進的(de)施工技(ji)術(shu)，整合(he)各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)設(she)計(ji)資(zi)源，設(she)計(ji)出(chu)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)建筑結構(gou)。

3.2全生命周(zhou)期的動(dong)態管(guan)理(li)

在(zai)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價全過程(cheng)管(guan)理中，由于影(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)較多，包(bao)含了(le)內部(bu)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)與(yu)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)、可控因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)與(yu)不(bu)可控因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)等，有(you)些不(bu)穩定因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)不(bu)僅(jin)加劇了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)難度，還會(hui)使(shi)(shi)得(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實際的(de)(de)(de)偏差較大。具體來(lai)說，如果(guo)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目建(jian)設(she)前期(qi)對(dui)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)勘察不(bu)到位，就會(hui)使(shi)(shi)得(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)中會(hui)受到施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場地質、水文、環(huan)境等的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，導(dao)致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本增加。另(ling)外(wai)(wai)，建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)中的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些政(zheng)策性因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)與(yu)市場性因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)也(ye)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)投資(zi)成本的(de)(de)(de)變化等，最(zui)終使(shi)(shi)得(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造價管(guan)理存在(zai)諸多的(de)(de)(de)問題。

3.3加強工作(zuo)人員素質(zhi)建設

任何工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)和管(guan)理(li)都(dou)離(li)不開(kai)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用發揮，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)亦是(shi)如此，要(yao)(yao)想保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)建設(she)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和效果(guo)實現，就必(bi)(bi)須(xu)要(yao)(yao)重(zhong)視相關工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)(zhi)建設(she)。首(shou)先，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)需要(yao)(yao)大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)人(ren)(ren)員，建設(she)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)(zhi)能力直接影響著工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本支出(chu)，因(yin)此，要(yao)(yao)想將建設(she)成(cheng)本控制(zhi)在合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍內，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)要(yao)(yao)加強建設(she)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)(zhi)提升，從根源(yuan)上減低建設(she)成(cheng)本;其次，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)必(bi)(bi)然(ran)離(li)不開(kai)專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員，為(wei)了(le)成(cheng)本控制(zhi)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)提升，需要(yao)(yao)不斷強化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)水平(ping)，做(zuo)好(hao)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)養，通過管(guan)理(li)隊伍的(de)(de)(de)素質(zhi)(zhi)提升保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)經濟效益實現。

3.4竣工結(jie)算環節的(de)造價控(kong)制

結(jie)算環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)價管(guan)理是最(zui)終管(guan)理環(huan)節(jie)。建設單位應使用(yong)規范的(de)(de)(de)(de)流程(cheng)，保證管(guan)理效果。此(ci)階段(duan)需要設計人員結(jie)合(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)情(qing)況，掌(zhang)握施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項變更(geng)，明確工(gong)量增減情(qing)況，把握審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計重點。工(gong)程(cheng)款的(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計結(jie)算關(guan)系著施(shi)(shi)工(gong)企業利益，同(tong)時是造(zao)價管(guan)理價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)終體現(xian)。審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計師應結(jie)合(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)情(qing)況，科(ke)學選(xuan)擇定(ding)額(e)，結(jie)合(he)國(guo)家相關(guan)規定(ding)確定(ding)取費標準。按照施(shi)(shi)工(gong)隊上報(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)送審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)額(e)，審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)計確定(ding)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)額(e)，按照公式（送審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)額(e)-審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)定(ding)額(e)）/送審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)額(e)×100%計算出“審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)減率”。

結語：

如(ru)今，社會(hui)發展和建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)腳步不斷(duan)加(jia)快，為了更好(hao)的(de)(de)保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)經濟效益實(shi)現，促(cu)進工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設行業的(de)(de)良好(hao)發展，需要(yao)我們提高對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造價的(de)(de)重(zhong)視(shi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度，不斷(duan)加(jia)強管(guan)理(li)(li)人員的(de)(de)素質建(jian)(jian)設，并結(jie)合(he)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)發展進行管(guan)理(li)(li)模式和手(shou)段的(de)(de)創新等，提升工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造價的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)質量，保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)項目建(jian)(jian)設效益良好(hao)實(shi)現。